Jiong Fu

Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 4   
Received: 21 May, 2025    Accepted: 10 Jul., 2025    Published: 28 Jul., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study systematically analyzed the mechanisms and patterns of seed propagation in terrestrial ecosystems, covering abiotic factors such as wind, water, and gravity, as well as biological factors such as birds, mammals, insects, and humans. Research shows that although long-distance transmission (LDD) events are relatively rare, they play a key role in species colonization, gene flow and distribution expansion. The spatial and temporal patterns, landscape structures and environmental heterogeneity jointly shape the dynamics of seed propagation, and the seed propagation network usually presents modular and nested characteristics. Human activities, such as habitat fragmentation, climate change and invasive species, cause significant disturbances in the transmission process, threatening biodiversity and the resilience of ecosystems. This study aims to provide a systematic framework for understanding how seed dispersal shapes terrestrial ecosystems and offer a scientific basis for formulating effective protection and management strategies.

Seed dissemination; Ecological network; Long-distance transmission; Biodiversity Global changes