Xuelian Jiang , Rudi Mai

1 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang Colloge of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China
2 Tropical Specialty Crops Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572026, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
International Journal of Molecular Ecology and Conservation, 2025, Vol. 15, No. 3   
Received: 22 Mar., 2025    Accepted: 29 Apr., 2025    Published: 15 May, 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study systematically analyzes the research progress of Spanish mackerel genome evolution, focusing on its adaptive evolution mechanism and the driving role of environmental selection. Starting from the biologi-cal characteristics and ecological adaptation of the species, the current status of Spanish mackerel genome research is explained, and the molecular mechanism of Spanish mackerel adaptive evolution is explained, such as the molecular adaptation mechanism of Spanish mackerel to environmental factors such as tempera-ture and salinity. The research progress of Spanish mackerel genome evolution driven by environmental se-lection is introduced, and the adaptive evolution examples at the genome level were analyzed with specific cases. Comparative genomics studies have shown that Spanish mackerel is unique in genome structure and function compared with other scombroid fish, which can help identify key genes and signaling pathways re-lated to environmental adaptation. The progress of functional genomics research shows that stress resistance genes such as heat shock proteins are selected and expanded under environmental stresses such as salinity and temperature, while specific metabolic genes (such as FADS2 related to Omega-3 fatty acid synthesis) may participate in the adaptation process through epigenetic regulation. At the same time, this study also summa-rizes the challenges faced by current research and looked forward to future research directions and application prospects, in order to provide a reference for the sustainable utilization and ecological protection of Spanish mackerel resources.

Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus); Genome; Adaptive evolution; Environmental selection; Comparative geno